माँ गंगा हमारी सनातन संस्कृति को अपनी धारा के साथ समूचे देश में प्रवाहित करती है. युगांतरो से बह रही गंगा ने मुग़लों की क्रूरता से ले कर अंग्रेजों का छल देखा है. इसने एक ब्राह्ण द्वारा विश्व के महानतम योद्धा में से एक चंद्रगुप्त के बनाने की कहानी देखी है और सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के उत्थान से पतन तक का इतिहास देखा है. शतकों से लगातार बह रही गंगा को निर्मल रखना देश का कर्तव्य है. यह विश्लेषण आवश्यक है कि सरकारों ने गंगा को निर्मल करने और रखने के लिए क्या किया. आइए, नज़र डालते हैं कि मोदी सरकार में गंगा को स्वच्छ करने के लिए क्या हुआ.
एक दशक से अधिक समय से गंगा में घुले ऑक्सीजन के स्तर में काफी सुधार के कारण यहाँ जलीय जीवन पनपने के लिए अब तैयार है. यहां अनुसंधान कर रहे विशेषज्ञों का यह मानना है. हाइड्रोजन (पीएच) स्तर भी गंगा के पानी में संतोष जनक पाया गया है. भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (इसरो) सहित विभिन्न संस्थानों और वैज्ञानिक निकायों के विशेषज्ञों की एक टीम ने हाल ही में छह अत्यधिक प्रदूषित नदी तटों – गंगा बैराग, भैरोंघाट, परमट, शुक्लागंज, जाजमऊ और वाजिदपुर में 20 बिंदुओं पर नदी के पानी के नमूने एकत्र किए थे. यह टीम गंगा के पानी की गुणवत्ता की निगरानी के लिए दो साल की लंबी परियोजना पर है. पानी के नमूनों के प्रयोगशाला परीक्षणों में 8.5 मिलीग्राम प्रति लीटर से अधिक पीएच स्तर का पता चला, घुले ऑक्सीजन का स्तर 2.5 मिलीग्राम प्रति लीटर था.
सीएसजेएम विश्वविद्यालय, कानपुर के प्रोफेसर और परियोजना के प्रमुख प्रो. प्रवीण भाई पटेल ने कहा कि यह उनके और जलीय जीवन के लिए बहुत उत्साहजनक है. विशेषज्ञ पानी की गुणवत्ता में बदलाव का श्रेय बड़े नालों के दोहन को नदी में सीधे लाने और टेनरी कचरे पर नियंत्रण को देते हैं. कानपुर में एक बूंद भी दूषित पानी गंगा जी मे ना मिले, इसके लिए एनएमसीजी ,उत्तर प्रदेश जल निगम और शापुरजी पालोनजी के बीच समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर हुए हैं. इसके अंतर्गत अब “वन सिटी वन ऑपरेटर‘ के तहत हाइब्रिड एनयूटी के जरिए दुनिया की बेहतरीन टेक्नोलॉजी का इस्तेमाल कर नालों का पानी ट्रीट किया जाएगा. इसे चलाने की जिम्मेदारी 15 साल के लिए प्राइवेट कंपनी पर रहेगी.
नितिन गडकरी ने एक कार्यक्रम में बताया कि नमामि गंगे के तहत उत्तर प्रदेश में 73 परियोजनाएं मंजूर की गई है जिसकी अनुमानित लागत 9934 करोड़ रुपये हैं. इनमें से 13 परियोजनाएं पूरी हो चुकी है और बाकी परियोजनाएं पूरी होने के विभिन्न चरणों में है. नमामि गंगे योजना के तहत पांचाल घाट पर हरकी पौड़ी की तर्ज पर घाट का सुंदरीकरण कराया जा रहा है. पांचाल घाट से सोताबहादुरपुर स्थित श्मशान घाट की दूरी लगभग एक किलोमीटर है. अंत्येष्टि में शामिल होने वाले लोगों को स्नान करने के लिए एक किमी. की दूरी तय कर घूमकर पांचाल घाट तक आना पड़ता था पर अब ऐसा नहीं होगा. जहां पर घाट के सुंदरीकरण का कार्य चल रहा है, वहां से लेकर सोता बहादुरपुर स्थित श्मशान घाट तक नीचे-नीचे ही घाटों के किनारे सड़क बनवाई जाएगी. इसकी लागत करीब 40 लाख रुपये आएगी.
मथुरा में नमामि गंगे के तहत यमुना को निर्मल करने का कार्य युद्ध स्तर पर चल रहा है ताकि दूषित पानी आगे गंगा मे ना मिले पाए. नमामि गंगे कार्यक्रम के तहत नेशनल मिशन फॉर क्लीन गंगा (NMCG) ने नदी में सीवेज के पानी के प्रवाह को रोकने के लिए कानपुर जोन के लिए 2,192 करोड़ रुपये की परियोजनाओं को मंजूरी दी है. उत्तर प्रदेश में घनी आबादी वाला औद्योगिक शहर कानपुर गंगा के किनारे स्थित है. 32 लाख की अनुमानित आबादी वाला यह शहर हर दिन 450 मिलियन लीटर सीवेज और अन्य ठोस अपशिष्ट उत्पन्न करता है. इसमें कुछ 400 टेनरियां हैं जो विषाक्त अपशिष्टों का उत्पादन करती हैं.
शहर के 16 प्रमुख नालों से अनुपचारित सीवेज लंबे समय से सीधे गंगा नदी में बह रहा है. इसे रोकने के लिए NMCG को प्रमुख नालियों का दोहन करके 250 मिलियन लीटर अनुपचारित सीवेज पानी को प्रतिबंधित करने का काम सौंपा गया है. सीसामऊ नाला, जो हर दिन 140 एमएलडी घरेलू सीवेज का उत्पादन करता है, पूरी तरह से टैप कर दिया गया है. इस नाले के अनुपचारित पानी को बंगाण और जाजमऊ सीवेज ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट में भेज दिया गया है. यह नाला पिछले कई दशकों से गंगा नदी के प्रदूषण के कारण बदनाम था. यूपी प्रदूषण नियंत्रण बोर्ड नालों को सीवर और फिर सीवरेज ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट (एसटीपी) में बदल रहा हैं ताकि पानी नदी में बह जाए.
शहरी सीवेज के अलावा, कानपुर में चमड़ा उद्योग को गंगा में औद्योगिक प्रदूषण का एक प्राथमिक स्रोत माना जाता है. नमामि गंगे कार्यक्रम के शुभारंभ के साथ, 260 विषम टेनरियों के खिलाफ कड़े कदम उठाए गए हैं ताकि नदी में कोई विषाक्त प्रवाह न हो. कई बड़े टेनरियों ने अपने स्वयं के अपशिष्ट उपचार संयंत्र स्थापित किए हैं जो कुछ ठोस अपशिष्टों को छानते हैं. जानवरों की त्वचा, कीचड़, और मलमूत्र के अवशेष यहाँ छाने जाते हैं. यहाँ से आंशिक रूप से संसाधित टैनरी कीचड़ को एक बड़े उपचार संयंत्र में आगे के उपचार के लिए भेजा जाता है. कानपुर स्थित अहमद इंटरनेशनल के मालिक शाहिद अनवर ने कहा; “हम अपने अपशिष्टों का इलाज कर रहे हैं. उपचार के बाद, हम इस पानी को कॉमन और कंबाइंड एफ्लुएंट ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट (CETP) में भेजते हैं. उपचारित पानी खेत में बहता है, गंगा नदी में नहीं”. हर दिन टेनरियों ने लगभग 20 करोड़ लीटर प्रदूषित पानी को पंप-आउट किया जाता है और इस संबंध में नेशनल मिशन फॉर क्लीन गंगा ने टेनरियों से अपशिष्ट के उपचार के लिए 554 करोड़ रुपये की अनुमानित लागत पर 20 एमएलडी या मिलियन लीटर दैनिक अपशिष्ट उपचार संयंत्र को मंजूरी दी है.
स्वच्छ गंगा के लिए राष्ट्रीय मिशन ने कानपुर, वाराणसी, इलाहाबाद, मथुरा, पटना, कोलकाता, हावड़ा-बल्ली और भागलपुर में सीवेज ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट स्थापित करने की पहल की है, जो कुल सीवेज डिस्चार्ज में लगभग 64 प्रतिशत का योगदान देते हैं. इन शहरों में 9,883 करोड़ रुपये की लागत से 1109 एमएलडी की कुल एसटीपी क्षमता बनाई जा रही है. इनमें से कई एसटीपी से उपचारित पानी का उपयोग सिंचाई के लिए किया जाता है. अमृत योजना योजना के तहत शहर के हर घर को एक सीवर कनेक्शन दिया जाना है ताकि घर का कचरा ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट तक पहुंच जाए. कानपुर जैसे शहरों से शहरी सीवेज और औद्योगिक अपशिष्टों के प्रवाह को रोककर सरकार के प्रयासों से पवित्र नदी को साफ रखने में मदद मिलेगी.
नमामि गंगे की विभिन्न परियोजनायें की जानकारी लोपक पर पहले भी दी जा चुकी है. गंगा की स्वच्छता के लिए यह समझना आवश्यक होगा कि हम सबकी ज़िम्मेदारी है. भारत की पावन परम्परा के इस साक्ष्य को जीवित रखने के लिए सरकार को सबका सहयोग अपेक्षित है.
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