पर्यटन कभी ग्रीष्मकालीन छुटियों का पर्याय हुआ करता था. अप्रैल के आस पास से ही कुछ घरेलु पत्रिकाएं पर्यटन विशेषांक निकालने लगती थीं. इन्टरनेट के आगमन के बाद भले ही इन पत्रिकाओ का महत्व काम हुआ हो किन्तु पर्यटन एक गतिविधि के रूप में ग्रीष्म कालीन छुटियों की परिधि से बाहर निकल आया है. अब इस तरह के चुटकुले सुनने को कम ही मिलते है कि नानी के घर गए तो नैनीताल कहो और मौसी के घर जाओ तो मसूरी बताओ. अलबत्ता, आज कल इटली के ननिहाल की चर्चा कुछ ज्यादा ही होती है।
आर्थिक उदारीकरण से आयी संपन्नता से मध्यमवर्गीय परिवार पर्यटन के लिए अब न तो ग्रीष्मकालीन अवकाश से बँधे हैं और न ही रिश्तेदारों के यहां आने जाने को पर्यटन का नाम देते हैं. गौरतलब है कि पर्यटन को अब एक अनावश्यक खर्च नहीं समझा जाता और लगभग हर कोई अपनी सामर्थ्य एवं सुविधानुसार कुछ वक्त इस महत्वपूर्ण गतिविधि को देने का प्रयास अवश्य करता है. एलटीए का बढ़ता चलन भी इस प्रवृत्ति को बढ़ावा दे रहा है.
यह भी देखा जा रहा है कि नए पर्यटक स्थल तेजी से उभर रहे है, रहने खाने की सुविधाएं भी. हालाँकि यह अभी भी एक शुरुआत मात्र कही जा सकती है. किसी भी जगह को एक पर्यटन केन्द्र के आकर्षण के रूप में उभरने के लिए सिर्फ मौसम, ऐतिहासिक या धार्मिक महत्व , प्राक़ृतिक सौन्दर्य जैसे पहलुओं के साथ साथ एक पर्यटक के मनोविज्ञान को समझना आवश्यक सा है. उदाहरण के तौर पर कुछ पर्यटक बैंकाक का नाम लेते ही ये धारणा बना लेते है कि यहाँ पर्यटन का मुख़्य पर्यटन उद्देश्य क्या हो सकता है.
नौकरी के सिलसिले में पिछले पंद्रह सोलह वर्षो से बाहर रहते हुए मुझे कई देशो को करीब से देखने का सौभाग्य प्राप्त हुआ. अफ्रीका और अरब खाड़ी के भू-भाग को छोड़ कर लगभग सभी महाद्वीपों के किसी न किसी समुद्री किनारे या पहाड़ी ऊंचाइयों को छूने का अवसर मिला है. खट्टे मीठे अनुभव अगर बांटना चाहूँ तो शायद एक किताब लिखने जैसा भगीरथ प्रयास करना होगा.
बहरहाल, मैंने जो पर्यटको का अध्ययन किया तो पाया कि पर्यटक कई तरह के होते है.
पहली श्रेणी गंभीर पर्यटकों की है. ये वो हैं जो पर्यटन को गंभीरता से लेते हैं. ट्रेवल पैकेज की नियमावली व समयावली का सूक्ष्मता से अध्ययन करते हैं और उसका सख्ती से पालन करते हैं. इस प्रयास में चाहे पर्यटन का उद्देश्य पूरा न हो पर उन्हे यह तसल्ली होती है या तसल्ली का भ्रम होता है कि उन्होने धोखा नहीं खाया. इस श्रेणी में आप प्रायः दक्षिणी एशिया के लोगों को पायेंगे.
कुछ पर्यटक अल्हड़ होते हैं जिनके लिए पर्यटन वाकई एक तनाव मुक्ति का साधन है. चाहे कितना भी भीड़ भरा पर्यटन स्थल हो, ये अपने आराम का एक कोना ढूंढ लेते है और आसन जमा लेते है. ये किसी टूर पैकेज से नहीं बंधे होते. जब मन किया, जहां मन किया, जितनी देर मन हुआ , अपने अवकाश का भरपूर आनंद उठाते है. इन्हें अगर समुन्दर का किनारा मिल जाए तो बाकी पर्यटको के लिए भी ये मुफ्त में मनोरंजक और दर्शनीय नजारा प्रस्तुत करने की क्षमता रखते है. इस श्रेणी में आप अक्सर यूरोप के लोगों को पाएंगे.
फोटोग्राफर पर्यटक भी एक श्रेणी है. ऐसे पर्यटक सब कुछ कैमरे की नजर से ही देखते है. अगर सुन्दर दृश्य और इनके कैमरे के बीच अगर आप गलती से बाधा बन जाए तो यह ठंडी सांस ले कर यह जतला देते है कि आपने इनका पूरा मजा किरकिरा कर दिया है. इस श्रेणी में अक्सर आप छोटी आँखों वाले लोगों को ही पाएंगे.
ऎडवेंचरर पर्यटकों के लिए पर्यटन अक्सर अपने साहस के प्रदर्शन का माध्यम होता है. समंदर की उफनती लहरो में फट्टे पर संतुलन बना कर सर्फिंग करना, गोताखोरी हो या पहाड़ो से पाँव में रस्सी बाँध छलांग लगा देना इनकी मनपसन्द गतिविधियां होती है. जान जोखिम में डालने वाले पर्यटकों की इस श्रेणी में अक्सर भारतीय पर्यटक नहीं पाए जाते है. शायद भारतीय ‘सेफ प्ले’ में यकीन करते हैं.
पर्यटकों की अद्भुत श्रेणी में मैं उन्हे डालता हूँ जो ‘छिपा तीरथ’ पर्यटक होते हैं. पर्यटक स्थल की एक ही चीज इन्हे प्रभावित करती है और वह है वहाँ की खान-पान व्यवस्था. रेस्तरां और होटलों में ये कैलोरी की कमाई करते पाए जाते हैं. इस तरह के पर्यटक दुनिया के हर हिस्से में होते हैं.
देसी पर्यटक हम है. देसी पर्यटक के पर्चेज़िंग पॉवर को अब सब पहचानने लगे है. जिस देश में आपको मुश्किल से भारतीय नजर आये, उस जगह भी आपको अब इंडियन व्यंजनों वाला रेस्तरां मिल जाएगा. यह अलग बात है कि हममे से अधिकतर वैसे हैं जो अपना खाना या खानसामा साथ ले कर चलते है. फेसबुक व इंस्टाग्राम में भी आप अपनी या प्रियजनों की तस्वीर देखें तो शायद आपको एकाध थैला नजर आ जाएगा. देसी पर्यटको में एक और वर्ग है – देसी हनीमूनर का. इन्हें आप सिंगापूर, बाली , कुआलालुम्पुर , बैंकॉक जैसे जगहों में देख सकते है. कोहनी तक मेहँदी से रची हुई और सुहाग चूड़े से लदी हुई नई नवेली को एक टी शर्ट और शॉर्ट्स में जिम्मेदारी भरी जिंदगी की शुरुआत करते हुए पाएंगे.
सोशल मीडिया के इस युग में एसएम पर्यटक भी हैं जो बिना कहीं गए ही देश दुनिया भ्रमण के अनुभवों से हमें समृद्ध करते रहते हैं और कभी गलती से कश्मीर चले गये तो वहाँ की तस्वीरें हमें स्वीटजरलैंड की बताकर प्रोवोक करने की अपेक्षा करते हैं अर्थात हमसे उन्हे लाइक करने की चाह रखते हैं.
संक्षेप में कहूं तो पर्यटन जैसा भी हो पर वह हमें तनावों से कुछ समय के लिए तो मुक्त करता ही है. पर्यटन के महत्व को नकारे नहीं और आप अपने को जिस वर्ग में भी पाए, उसके मजे लें.
जिंदगानी गर रही , तो ये जवानी फिर कहाँ
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